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Registro completo
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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA La Estanzuela. |
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Fecha : |
21/08/2019 |
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Actualizado : |
27/01/2021 |
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Autor : |
CIPRIOTTI, P.; AGUIAR, M.; WIEGAND, T.; PARUELO, J. M. |
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Título : |
Combined effects of grazing management and climate on semi-arid steppes: hysteresis dynamics prevent recovery of degraded rangelands. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2019 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019. |
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DOI : |
10.1111/1365-2664.13471 |
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Idioma : |
Inglés |
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Notas : |
Article history: Received:10 October 2018/Accepted:28 June 2019. |
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Contenido : |
ABSTRACTS:
1.Livestock grazing has degraded many arid and semi-arid rangelands around the world, and the drier climate predicted by climate change scenarios may amplify these effects and even lead to catastrophic vegetation shifts.2. We assess the long-term effects (1900-2100) of grazing and rainfall on various aspects of vegetation structure including the grass-shrub balance, the maintenance of spatial vegetation patterns, and the decline or recovery of palatable grasses (e.g., Poa ligularis) on a cover and/or density basis. We used the eco-hydrological and individual-based simulation model DINVEG for this purpose, which describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of Patagonian grass shrub steppes based on six decades of field research (1955-2018). 3. Rainfall and grazing affected the simulated vegetation structure in different ways. Total plant cover was mostly influenced by rainfall, but the cover of palatable grasses was mostly influenced by stocking rate. Dry conditions and low stocking rates (122 mm/yr and < 0.2 sheep·ha-1) favoured grasses over shrubs, whereas shrub encroachment occurred only in the high rainfall scenario combined with high stocking rates (181 mm/yr and > 0.2 sheep·ha-1). 4. High stocking rates and/or drier conditions caused only gradual shifts in spatial vegetation patterns, but maintained the observed positive association for grasses around shrubs. In contrast, shrub encroachment was associated with repulsion between grasses and shrubs and the formation of shrub clusters into a matrix of scattered less palatable grasses. 5. Plant compositional changes occurred through grass species replacement (e.g., P. ligularis is replaced by Pappostipa humilis) and the associated hysteresis effect of palatable grass species: model simulations suggest that 2-3 decades of heavy and year-long continuous grazing can drive palatable grasses to close to extinction, whereas natural recovery of degraded steppes may take 100 years or longer. 6. Synthesis and applications. Desertification and climate change challenge grazing management in semi-arid rangelands, especially in already degraded ecosystems. Management that alternates between years of grazing and resting was effective to maintain the cover of palatable grasses, but this allowed for only very slow recovery of degraded steppes. While drier climate and grazing may not change the overall spatial patterns of vegetation, our results are rather pessimistic regarding the short-term recovery of palatable grasses. This will require increasing complexity in ecosystem restoration efforts, combined with interventions such as sowing, watering, reseeding or major changes in land use. MenosABSTRACTS:
1.Livestock grazing has degraded many arid and semi-arid rangelands around the world, and the drier climate predicted by climate change scenarios may amplify these effects and even lead to catastrophic vegetation shifts.2. We assess the long-term effects (1900-2100) of grazing and rainfall on various aspects of vegetation structure including the grass-shrub balance, the maintenance of spatial vegetation patterns, and the decline or recovery of palatable grasses (e.g., Poa ligularis) on a cover and/or density basis. We used the eco-hydrological and individual-based simulation model DINVEG for this purpose, which describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of Patagonian grass shrub steppes based on six decades of field research (1955-2018). 3. Rainfall and grazing affected the simulated vegetation structure in different ways. Total plant cover was mostly influenced by rainfall, but the cover of palatable grasses was mostly influenced by stocking rate. Dry conditions and low stocking rates (122 mm/yr and < 0.2 sheep·ha-1) favoured grasses over shrubs, whereas shrub encroachment occurred only in the high rainfall scenario combined with high stocking rates (181 mm/yr and > 0.2 sheep·ha-1). 4. High stocking rates and/or drier conditions caused only gradual shifts in spatial vegetation patterns, but maintained the observed positive association for grasses around shrubs. In contrast, shrub encroachment was associated with repulsion between grasses and shrubs and the formation ... Presentar Todo |
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Palabras claves : |
CARGA GANADERA; COEXISTENCIA PASTOS-ARBUSTOS; DESERTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; GRASS-SHRUB COEXISTENCE; HYSTERESIS; MOSAICOS DE VEGETACIÓN; PASTOREO OVINO; RESTAURACIÓN DE ECOSISTEMAS; SHEEP GRAZING; SIMULATION MODELLING. |
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Thesagro : |
DESERTIFICACION. |
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Asunto categoría : |
-- |
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Marc : |
LEADER 03732naa a2200325 a 4500
001 1060044
005 2021-01-27
008 2019 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.1111/1365-2664.13471$2DOI
100 1 $aCIPRIOTTI, P.
245 $aCombined effects of grazing management and climate on semi-arid steppes$bhysteresis dynamics prevent recovery of degraded rangelands.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2019
500 $aArticle history: Received:10 October 2018/Accepted:28 June 2019.
520 $aABSTRACTS: 1.Livestock grazing has degraded many arid and semi-arid rangelands around the world, and the drier climate predicted by climate change scenarios may amplify these effects and even lead to catastrophic vegetation shifts.2. We assess the long-term effects (1900-2100) of grazing and rainfall on various aspects of vegetation structure including the grass-shrub balance, the maintenance of spatial vegetation patterns, and the decline or recovery of palatable grasses (e.g., Poa ligularis) on a cover and/or density basis. We used the eco-hydrological and individual-based simulation model DINVEG for this purpose, which describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of Patagonian grass shrub steppes based on six decades of field research (1955-2018). 3. Rainfall and grazing affected the simulated vegetation structure in different ways. Total plant cover was mostly influenced by rainfall, but the cover of palatable grasses was mostly influenced by stocking rate. Dry conditions and low stocking rates (122 mm/yr and < 0.2 sheep·ha-1) favoured grasses over shrubs, whereas shrub encroachment occurred only in the high rainfall scenario combined with high stocking rates (181 mm/yr and > 0.2 sheep·ha-1). 4. High stocking rates and/or drier conditions caused only gradual shifts in spatial vegetation patterns, but maintained the observed positive association for grasses around shrubs. In contrast, shrub encroachment was associated with repulsion between grasses and shrubs and the formation of shrub clusters into a matrix of scattered less palatable grasses. 5. Plant compositional changes occurred through grass species replacement (e.g., P. ligularis is replaced by Pappostipa humilis) and the associated hysteresis effect of palatable grass species: model simulations suggest that 2-3 decades of heavy and year-long continuous grazing can drive palatable grasses to close to extinction, whereas natural recovery of degraded steppes may take 100 years or longer. 6. Synthesis and applications. Desertification and climate change challenge grazing management in semi-arid rangelands, especially in already degraded ecosystems. Management that alternates between years of grazing and resting was effective to maintain the cover of palatable grasses, but this allowed for only very slow recovery of degraded steppes. While drier climate and grazing may not change the overall spatial patterns of vegetation, our results are rather pessimistic regarding the short-term recovery of palatable grasses. This will require increasing complexity in ecosystem restoration efforts, combined with interventions such as sowing, watering, reseeding or major changes in land use.
650 $aDESERTIFICACION
653 $aCARGA GANADERA
653 $aCOEXISTENCIA PASTOS-ARBUSTOS
653 $aDESERTIFICATION
653 $aECOSYSTEM RESTORATION
653 $aGRASS-SHRUB COEXISTENCE
653 $aHYSTERESIS
653 $aMOSAICOS DE VEGETACIÓN
653 $aPASTOREO OVINO
653 $aRESTAURACIÓN DE ECOSISTEMAS
653 $aSHEEP GRAZING
653 $aSIMULATION MODELLING
700 1 $aAGUIAR, M.
700 1 $aWIEGAND, T.
700 1 $aPARUELO, J. M.
773 $tJournal of Applied Ecology, 2019.
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INIA La Estanzuela (LE) |
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 | Acceso al texto completo restringido a Biblioteca INIA Treinta y Tres. Por información adicional contacte bibliott@inia.org.uy. |
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Registro completo
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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA Treinta y Tres. |
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Fecha actual : |
12/09/2014 |
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Actualizado : |
08/10/2019 |
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Tipo de producción científica : |
Artículos en Revistas Indexadas Internacionales |
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Circulación / Nivel : |
A - 1 |
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Autor : |
CARLOMAGNO, M.; MATHO, C.; CANTOU, G.; SANBORN, J.R.; LAST, J.A.; HAMMOCK, B.D.; ROEL, A.; GONZÁLEZ, D.; GONZÁLEZ-SAPIENZA, G. |
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Afiliación : |
MARIA GUILLERMINA CANTOU MAYOL, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay; ALVARO ROEL DELLAZOPPA, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Uruguay. |
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Título : |
A clomazone immunoassay to study the environmental fate of the herbicide in rice (Oryza sativa) agriculture. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2010 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010, v. 58, no.7, p. 4367-4371. |
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ISSN : |
0021-8561 |
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DOI : |
10.1021/jf9043259 |
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Idioma : |
Inglés |
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Notas : |
Article history: received for review December 7, 2009. Revised manuscript received March 8, 2010. Accepted March 10, 2010. Published on Web 03/19/2010. |
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Contenido : |
Abstract:
The environmental impact of rice agriculture is poorly studied in developing countries, mainly due to limitations of the analytical capacity. Here, we report the development of a clomazone enzymelinked immunosorbent assay as a fast and cost-effective tool to monitor the dissipation of this herbicide along the harvest. Antibodies were prepared using different strategies of hapten conjugation, and the best hapten/antibody pair was selected. It proved to be a reliable tool to measure the herbicide in the 2.0-20 ng/mL range in field samples, with excellent correlation with highperformance liquid chromatography results. The assay was used to study the dissipation of the herbicide in the floodwater of experimental rice paddies in Uruguay. Large differences in the residual amounts of herbicide were observed depending on the flooding practices. Because of its robustness and simplicity, the assay may be useful to delineate and monitor management practices that can
contribute to minimizing the release of the herbicide in the environment. |
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Palabras claves : |
ELISA; HPLC; RICE. |
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Thesagro : |
ARROZ; CLOMAZONE; CONTROL DE MALEZAS; ESCARDA; HERBICIDAS; ORYZA SATIVA. |
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Asunto categoría : |
H60 Malezas y escardas |
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Marc : |
LEADER 02181naa a2200361 a 4500
001 1050191
005 2019-10-08
008 2010 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
022 $a0021-8561
024 7 $a10.1021/jf9043259$2DOI
100 1 $aCARLOMAGNO, M.
245 $aA clomazone immunoassay to study the environmental fate of the herbicide in rice (Oryza sativa) agriculture.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2010
500 $aArticle history: received for review December 7, 2009. Revised manuscript received March 8, 2010. Accepted March 10, 2010. Published on Web 03/19/2010.
520 $aAbstract: The environmental impact of rice agriculture is poorly studied in developing countries, mainly due to limitations of the analytical capacity. Here, we report the development of a clomazone enzymelinked immunosorbent assay as a fast and cost-effective tool to monitor the dissipation of this herbicide along the harvest. Antibodies were prepared using different strategies of hapten conjugation, and the best hapten/antibody pair was selected. It proved to be a reliable tool to measure the herbicide in the 2.0-20 ng/mL range in field samples, with excellent correlation with highperformance liquid chromatography results. The assay was used to study the dissipation of the herbicide in the floodwater of experimental rice paddies in Uruguay. Large differences in the residual amounts of herbicide were observed depending on the flooding practices. Because of its robustness and simplicity, the assay may be useful to delineate and monitor management practices that can contribute to minimizing the release of the herbicide in the environment.
650 $aARROZ
650 $aCLOMAZONE
650 $aCONTROL DE MALEZAS
650 $aESCARDA
650 $aHERBICIDAS
650 $aORYZA SATIVA
653 $aELISA
653 $aHPLC
653 $aRICE
700 1 $aMATHO, C.
700 1 $aCANTOU, G.
700 1 $aSANBORN, J.R.
700 1 $aLAST, J.A.
700 1 $aHAMMOCK, B.D.
700 1 $aROEL, A.
700 1 $aGONZÁLEZ, D.
700 1 $aGONZÁLEZ-SAPIENZA, G.
773 $tJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010$gv. 58, no.7, p. 4367-4371.
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